Anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus septa of an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study / Variaciones anatómicas de los tabiques del seno maxilar de una población iraní mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico: estudio retrospectivo

This study sought to assess the internal anatomy of the maxillary sinuses and their septa using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Resorption of alveolar bone decreases the height of the maxillary alveolar ridge. This height reduction may be so severe that it warrants ridge augmentation by a sinus lift. Manipulation of the maxillary sinuses, as in sinus lift surgery, requires adequate knowledge about the sinus anatomy.Results: Maxillary sinus septum, as an anatomical variation, may complicate the surgical procedures and increase the risk of complications such as sinus membrane perforation. In this retrospective study, 366 sinuses, 190 from females and 176 from males, aged between 10 and 65 years old presenting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of School of Dentistry at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences were evaluated by two oral radiologists. The extension of the maxillary sinuses, presence of septa, number of septa and their location were determined. Data were analyzed using the chi square test (level of significance p≤0.001). The coefficient of agreement between the two oral radiologists was calculated based on Cohen kappa. Septa were present in 40.5% of the maxillary sinuses, out of which, 31.6% had one, 7.9% had two and 1% had three or more septa; 38% of the septa were horizontal while 62% had an oblique orientation. In total, 184 septa were found in 183 patients; out of which, 91 septa were 2mm to 5mm long while 93 septa were longer than 5mm. Conclusions: Comprehensive knowledge about the three-dimensional internal anatomy of the maxillary sinuses acquired by CBCT priorto surgical procedures can greatly help to prevent postoperative complications.

Este estudio buscó evaluar la anatomía interna de los senos maxilares y sus septos mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en una población Iraní. Materiales y Métodos: . La resorción del hueso alveolar disminuye la altura de la cresta alveolar maxilar. Esta reducción de altura puede ser tan severa que justifique el aumento de la cresta mediante una elevación de seno. La manipulación de los senos maxilares, como en la cirugía de elevación del seno, requiere un conocimiento adecuado sobre la anatomía del seno. Resultado: El tabique del seno maxilar, como una variación anatómica, puede complicar los procedimientos quirúrgicos y aumentar el riesgo de complicaciones como la perforación de la membrana sinusal. En este estudio retrospectivo, dos radiólogos orales evaluaron 366 senos, 190 de mujeres y 176 de hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 65 años que se presentaron en el Departamento de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Se determinó la extensión de los senos maxilares, la presencia de septos, el número de septos y su ubicación. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado (nivel de significación p?0.001). El coeficiente de concordancia entre los dos radiólogos orales se calculó en base a Cohen kappa. Los septos estaban presentes en el 40.5% de los senos maxilares, de los cuales, el 31.6% tenía uno, el 7.9% tenía dos y el 1% tenía tres o más septos; El 38% de los septos eran horizontales, mientras que el 62% tenía una orientación oblicua. En total, se encontraron 184 septos en 183 pacientes; de los cuales, 91 septos tenían de 2mm a 5mm de largo, mientras que 93 septos tenían más de 5mm. Conclusion: El conocimiento exhaustivo sobre la anatomía interna tridimensional de los senos maxilares adquiridos por CBCT antes de los procedimientos quirúrgicos puede ayudar en gran medida a prevenir complicaciones postoperatorias.

A school-based intervention to teach 3-4 grades children about healthy heart; the Persian Gulf healthy heart project.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular health promotion in children has the potential to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in both the individual child and the population at large. It thus seems eminently reasonable to initiate healthful lifestyle training in childhood to promote improved cardiovascular health in adult life. AIMS: To test the hypothesis that a year long, classroom-based education for the third and fourth graders could change their knowledge scores about healthy heart. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A randomized, controlled trial in elementary schools of Bushehr/Iran. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 14 elementary schools, categorized by socioeconomic types and male and female setting were selected and randomized into control or intervention groups. Subjects were 1128 third and fourth graders, aged 9 to 10 years (49.1% boys and 50.9% girls). Over a course of 8 weeks, health educators and sport teachers of the elementary schools presented two hours sessions per week on heart function, nutrition, and exercise for healthy heart and living tobacco free for the intervention group. The education program was based on HeartPower! Program, an American Heart Association program. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test and Bonferroni correction for the two pair wise comparisons were used. RESULTS: Total heart knowledge at posttest was 25% correct higher in the intervention than in the control group (p< 0.001). Difference in means of total healthy heart knowledge scores between control and intervention group increased from 1.43 points in baseline to 4.02 points in posttest (p< 0.001). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the classroom-based cardiovascular health promotion had a significant effect on the heart healthy knowledge. Therefore, schools provide an excellent setting for introducing comprehensive healthy heart education and promotion of cardiovascular health to the general population.